Europe and N. Asia. Narrowly weeping, deciduous. Bark white, developing dark, rugged cracks at the base with age. Tough, vigorous pioneer species. Yellow autumn colour can be spoilt by birch rust in some seasons. Yields hard white timber.

Broadly conical, deciduous. Bark white, with horizontal marks retained to ground level into old age. Chalky white powder rubs off the bark. Bright yellow autumn colour. Vigorous and rust free.

Bushy grey-green stout branched compact shrub. Leaves leathery 2-4cm long, dark green, white beneath, margins upcurved, wavy. Flowers daisy-like furry with yellow radiating petals in single or small clusters Jan & Feb. Naturally uncommon. Growing on limestone cliffs around Castlepoint, Wairarapa. Withstands strong, drying and salt laden winds, an attractive shrub.

Large tussock often forming thick trunks to 1m. Requires moist soil conditions. Often seen on lake, pond or stream edges. Attractive yellow-green or golden hue.