West North America. Broadly conical deciduous. Vigorous growth on hillsides as well as stream sides. Produces good hardwood timber for furniture and panelling. Planted for shelter. Red winter buds identify this alder.

Britain, Europe, Caucasus & Alborz Mts. (Iran). Broadly columnar, deciduous tree with stout greenish-grey shoots with jet black buds. Leaves with 7-13 coarsely serrate leaflets, late into leaf & early to fall. Flowers before the leaves, developing into bunches of 'keys'. Vigorous grower, best on deep moist to wet soils but tolerates much drier soils, enjoys limestone. Valuable light coloured hardwood timber for tool handles, sports goods, and joinery. Steams and bends well. Coppices readily, producing straight poles and rods. Great firewood, burns cut green.

Collected from seed stands of high genetic quality approved by the Radiata Breeding Co-op to augment the diminishing supply from open pollinated seed orchards. Light multinodal branching suitable for Christmas tree production. Topped @ maximum height 40cm

S E Europe to Asia Minor. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Trunk often continuous right through the crown. Bark flakes in plates. Leaves 10-20cm, more incised than P. x acerifolia. Popular avenue tree. Timber used for interior finishing and furniture. SEED grown.