Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous grower. Dark purple leaves through the growing season turning reddish purple in autumn. An alternative to Copper beech.

Albania and Nth Greece. Broadly conical, deciduous. Large palmate compound leaves produce a dense shade. Large creamy white flowers, then prickly oval fruits, enclosing polished conkers prized by schoolboys in the UK. Best in fertile soils.

Bushy grey-green stout branched compact shrub. Leaves leathery 2-4cm long, dark green, white beneath, margins upcurved, wavy. Flowers daisy-like furry with yellow radiating petals in single or small clusters Jan & Feb. Naturally uncommon. Growing on limestone cliffs around Castlepoint, Wairarapa. Withstands strong, drying and salt laden winds, an attractive shrub.

Nth African Atlas Mountains. Narrowly conical, aging to broadly conical, evergreen. Foliage silvery blue-grey, very attractive. Seed raised plants, Drought and exposure tolerant.