N.W. USA. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Vigorous, strong root system for erosion control, can sucker if no grazing. Balsam scent in spring, yellow leaves in autumn. Possum resistant, withstands Southland winds. Selected clone from Belgium released 1978. Cuttings 40cm, Rooted topped @ 1m.

Slow growing native evergreen conifer found throughout NZ where rainfall is adequate. Female trees produce oval red fruits with soft edible pulp around the single seed. Kereru feast on the fruit and pass the seed in their droppings. The seed is slow to germinate.

4 adjacent plots of Quercus affinis, crispipilis & laurina in the Guthrie Smith Arboretum at Tutira (HB) have produced vigorous straight trunked evergreen trees. Recently thinned to develop the crowns and add diameter to the logs. Worthy of wider planting.

Vigorous, broadly spreading, semi-evergreen in mild climates. Leaves similar in shape to Quercus cerris. Tolerates dry windy conditions. Deer, sheep, goats, ducks and pheasants eat most oak acorns.