Nth African Atlas Mountains. Narrowly conical, aging to broadly conical, evergreen. Foliage silvery blue-grey, very attractive. Seed raised plants, Drought and exposure tolerant.

Central Japan. Conical evergreen, highly valued in Japan for building temples, shrines, baths and table tennis blades. Wood is lemon scented, straight grained and very durable. Needs a well drained soil. Rare in NZ. Open Ground grown transplants

Broadly spreading, deciduous. Grown for timber in Europe and widely used for hedging. Clips well. Light green in spring, golden copper in autumn and brown leaves retained all winter. Apply a heavy dressing of lime on clay soils. 1 year old - HEDGE spacing 40-60cm

Britain, Europe, Caucasus & Alborz Mts. (Iran). Broadly columnar, deciduous tree with stout greenish-grey shoots with jet black buds. Leaves with 7-13 coarsely serrate leaflets, late into leaf & early to fall. Flowers before the leaves, developing into bunches of 'keys'. Vigorous grower, best on deep moist to wet soils but tolerates much drier soils, enjoys limestone. Valuable light coloured hardwood timber for tool handles, sports goods, and joinery. Steams and bends well. Coppices readily, producing straight poles and rods. Great firewood, burns cut green.