Long weeping branches. The bark remains white to the ground longer than the usual form. Tough vigorous pioneering species. Yellow autumn colour can be spoilt by birch rust in some seasons. Yields a hard white timber.

Himalaya to Japan. Broadly spreading, deciduous. Attractive layered foliage on branches tending to droop, turning yellow, pink or purple in autumn and giving off a strong gingerbread scent. Must have moist soils.

NZ white pine. Narrowly conical for many years, evergreen. Will tolerate very wet sites and grow in drier sites with good grass control. Tolerates shade but does best with blue sky above. Shade the trunk with shrubs to prevent sun scorch. Long lived. 2 years old.

Monocalypt, generally free of insect pests. S.E.Australia. Tall rough barked ground durable with proven good sawing and drying properties. Very hard heavy, attractive timber. Grows well on hill country where temperatures do not go below -5C. Rainfall 800-2500mm, coppices, resprouts epicormics after fire. Recommend planting in early Spring after chance of frosts.