Broadly spreading, deciduous. Grown for timber in Europe and widely used for hedging. Clips well. Light green in spring, golden copper in autumn and brown leaves retained all winter. Apply a heavy dressing of lime on clay soils. 2 years old - HEDGE spacing 40-60cm

Vigorous, broadly spreading, semi-evergreen in mild climates. Leaves similar in shape to Quercus cerris. Tolerates dry windy conditions. Deer, sheep, goats, ducks and pheasants eat most oak acorns.

Vigorous when established. Broadly spreading, open form, deciduous. Tolerates exposure, dry conditions and atmospheric pollution. Ducks cope with the long acorns.

S.E.USA. Broadly columnar, deciduous. Fast growing, massive, valuable timber tree, from poorly-drained valley floors and slopes, with mild, short winters and hot humid summers. Yellow-brown leaves in autumn. Acorns eaten by deer and American wildlife. Rare in NZ.